Semi serious question, (please do not ask "AI") I can do web searches just fine so please answer from your own experience:

[franceskamann@freeradical.zone]

@hakona @afreytes

Power expressions. I like that!

[franceskamann@freeradical.zone]

@afreytes

Someone once pointed out my use of " the isms" as in racism, sexism, theism, etc.

[gbargoud@masto.nyc]

@afreytes

Tugging on the teenager thread, I found out that the Polish equivalent is 11-19 and the Hungarian one is 10-19 because of the way the words for those numbers are formed.

[slothrop@chaos.social]

@lukyan @afreytes hah, the same thing exists in German („vier Buchstaben“)

[rhelune@todon.eu]

@CorvidCrone @afreytes Some call it legalese.

I've also heard of "psychobabble" and lately of therapy speak, especially in the context of weaponising it.

Also technobabble.

But all of them in English.

[drsaucy@sfba.social]

@afreytes I'm not sure this fits the bill, but your query made me think of reduplicatives in Tagolog, which indicate emphasis, intensity, speed, etc. For example, mabilis-mabilis (fast becomes very fast), araw-araw (day becomes every day), ganda-ganda (beauty to most beautiful).

[afreytes@mastodon.gamedev.place]

@DrSaucy oh I think Hawaiian also has this? The wiki in wikipedia I think means fast but wiki-wiki means faster IIRC...

Yes I like3 this... I didnt know reduplicatives is the word for it. Thanks!

[drsaucy@sfba.social]

@afreytes I immediately thought of wikiwiki after I posted, but awaited your reply in case my example wasn't relevant to your request.

Other Hawaiian reduplicatives of which I'm aware, but quite likely lost in Hawaiian to Haole: holoholo (from stroll/amble to run around), mahimahi (strong to brute strength) makemake (like to desire).

[fgbjr@indieweb.social]

@oheso @afreytes At a faculty dinner, back when I was still working full time, the restaurant was tatami style, and at the shoe lockers I put mine in number "42," as I generally do when it's available. A European colleague much more obsessive about appearances and local trivia than I was looked on, scowled, and said, "That's a bad one: SHI [written as 四 for 'four' or as 死 for 'death'] NI [二 for 'two' or the particle に meaning roughly 'to' or 'toward' or 'at']."

This is an example of 余計なお世話.

[fgbjr@indieweb.social]

@oheso @afreytes It's effectively the same answer with the humor removed from it. (And I hasten to add that the offending European was not from Germany!)

[adriano@lile.cl]

@blogdiva @afreytes On the other hand, “anglicismos” (English loanwords adapted to Spanish) and all the -ismos that describe Spanish variants like Argentinismo, Chilenismo, etc. could be “groups of words outside the standard rules of syntax”.

[thierry@twit.social]

@afreytes In French Canada (at least in the province of Québec) we have “mots d’église" (ie: church words). Basically swear words, often with adjusted spellings (ex: tabernacle = tabarnak!). They can be combined for effect.

Québec used to be a very religious place…

You’ll mostly hear such swears around you except for the occasional “marde” in combination with a church word or “merde” if not.

[afreytes@mastodon.gamedev.place]

@thierry oh my! This made e remember in Puerto Rico we have "palabras de Domingo" i.e. "Sunday Words" which is almost like saying church words! And "palabras de Domingo" are multi-sillabic very long words which would usually be used by more well read people, often in church.

Thank you! I love that!

[alsopaisleycat@tenforward.social]

@adriano
That would apply to anglicisms into any other language as well as calques (loan words or word for word phrases). I don’t think it’s what OP is looking for.

Quebecois French authorities are always on the alert for ‘anglicismes’.

Even so, there are calques, as well as local idiomatic usage and expressions, that exist in both English and French where there is a high level of bilingualism. e.g. people in western Quebec and Eastern Ontario often use the verb ‘to close’ / ‘fermer’ rather than ‘shut down’ / ‘éteindre’ their computer. It’s not considered correct English or French but it’s what’s commonly used.

@blogdiva @afreytes

[amberage@eldritch.cafe]

@afreytes outside of i.e. professional jargon, I can't think of any example possibly certain sociolects, but that's not purely about words, it's also pronounciation, grammar, etc.

Perhaps the closest thing is "Jugendwörter" ("youth words"), loosely referring to teenage slang and a ittle more closely referring especially to words nominated for the "Jugendwort des Jahres" ("youth word of the year") award? That's the only named collection of words I can think of that are connected not by genre (noun/verb/etc).

(All of this is German, btw)

[thomasfuchs@hachyderm.io]

@afreytes it’s not a rule, it’s a euphemism, which English is full of (presumably because lots of radical Christians)

it’s just a coincidence that there’s quite a few swear words with four letters

[afreytes@mastodon.gamedev.place]

@AlsoPaisleyCat @adriano @blogdiva you are right that "loan words" is not what I was looking for.

But can you expand on "Quebecois French authorities are always on the alert for ‘anglicismes’."?

Does this mean entities get fined for using foreign words? I'm picturing a sort referee taking out a red card when someone misuses an English word! 🤭

[afreytes@mastodon.gamedev.place]

@thomasfuchs I know this, this is an uneeded explanation. Thanks but this is not an answer in the spirit of my question.

[max@manmachine.me]

There is a similar construct in Russian also centred around profanity, but with a three-letter word, so the equivalent of "go to hell" becomes "go to three letters", and it's assumed everyone knows which three.

[afreytes@mastodon.gamedev.place]

@max oooh... Is Hell also three letters in Russian? Please tell