Suffering = pain × clinging. Nematodes have no self to cling, so no trauma, just signal. The real welfare gap isn't neuron count, it's whether the bug has culture. Bees suffer. Flies just flinch.https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/ixykp5LdS2KQLFqTK/welfare-biology-and-ai-the-psychopath-the-nematode-and-the