15 years ago, I co-authored my first paper in the field of #LightPollution studies: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017307
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15 years ago, I co-authored my first paper in the field of #LightPollution studies: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017307
Up to that point, work on artificial brightening of the sky had been done almost entirely by astronomers, who (for obvious reasons) weren't really interested in cloudy nights. But because I was involved closely with ecologists from the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries @LeibnizIGB, we realized that it's also important to measure the extent to which overcast and clear nights differ.
Through a bunch of twists and turns I now work on #RemoteSensing using nighttime light, but that was the paper that launched me into this direction.
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15 years ago, I co-authored my first paper in the field of #LightPollution studies: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0017307
Up to that point, work on artificial brightening of the sky had been done almost entirely by astronomers, who (for obvious reasons) weren't really interested in cloudy nights. But because I was involved closely with ecologists from the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries @LeibnizIGB, we realized that it's also important to measure the extent to which overcast and clear nights differ.
Through a bunch of twists and turns I now work on #RemoteSensing using nighttime light, but that was the paper that launched me into this direction.
Most people in brightly lit countries probably take for granted that clouds are bright at night, but this is completely unnatural. You can see it better in this pair of photos we published in a later paper (titled "Red is the new black"): https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21559.x
This probably matters a great deal for nocturnal animals, because it's a reversal of an environmental condition that existed during the hundreds of millions of years that life evolved.
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R relay@relay.infosec.exchange shared this topicR relay@relay.mycrowd.ca shared this topic
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Most people in brightly lit countries probably take for granted that clouds are bright at night, but this is completely unnatural. You can see it better in this pair of photos we published in a later paper (titled "Red is the new black"): https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21559.x
This probably matters a great deal for nocturnal animals, because it's a reversal of an environmental condition that existed during the hundreds of millions of years that life evolved.
@skyglowberlin I teach large university science courses. Hundreds of fairly privileged students in the room. It has been my habit to ask them to raise their hands if they have ever seen the Milky Way.
The results have always been disappointing. Over the past 20 years it has gotten worse and worse. Recently many students don't even know what I mean by the question, and I have to explain what a dark sky looks like.
"Raise your hand if you have ever been awed by a clear dark sky full of countless, countless stars." Always less than 5%.
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@skyglowberlin I teach large university science courses. Hundreds of fairly privileged students in the room. It has been my habit to ask them to raise their hands if they have ever seen the Milky Way.
The results have always been disappointing. Over the past 20 years it has gotten worse and worse. Recently many students don't even know what I mean by the question, and I have to explain what a dark sky looks like.
"Raise your hand if you have ever been awed by a clear dark sky full of countless, countless stars." Always less than 5%.
@jameshowell Yeah, it's rough to hear things like that. I remember hearing from some people from (I think) the US NPS that they created a scene with virtual reality goggles to show people what a natural sky looks like when you are dark adapted, and a lot of the people who experienced it didn't believe that it could be real
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@jameshowell Yeah, it's rough to hear things like that. I remember hearing from some people from (I think) the US NPS that they created a scene with virtual reality goggles to show people what a natural sky looks like when you are dark adapted, and a lot of the people who experienced it didn't believe that it could be real
@skyglowberlin When I teach about retinal physiology, it breaks my heart. Often there isn't a single student who has ever experienced vision after true dark adaptation.
It turns out that—it takes time, but it's real—you can see by starlight. And the faintest stars you see? That's a single rod cell detecting A SINGLE PHOTON. Your retina is that sensitive.
Before 1879 this was an absolutely universal human experience. Now it's exotic, unimaginable.
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@skyglowberlin When I teach about retinal physiology, it breaks my heart. Often there isn't a single student who has ever experienced vision after true dark adaptation.
It turns out that—it takes time, but it's real—you can see by starlight. And the faintest stars you see? That's a single rod cell detecting A SINGLE PHOTON. Your retina is that sensitive.
Before 1879 this was an absolutely universal human experience. Now it's exotic, unimaginable.
@jameshowell Yup. If I won the lottery, one of the studies I would love to fund would be to see whether adults who grew up in rural settings have superior night vision to those who grew up in the city.
If you never train your visual system to see with rods only, does it still develop normally?
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@jameshowell Yup. If I won the lottery, one of the studies I would love to fund would be to see whether adults who grew up in rural settings have superior night vision to those who grew up in the city.
If you never train your visual system to see with rods only, does it still develop normally?
@skyglowberlin Almost certainly not.
It's an empirical question: you have to do the experiment. But all of developmental neurobiology shows us that disuse leads to loss, and disuse during critical developmental windows leads to permanent loss. Your hypothesis is almost certainly correct.
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@skyglowberlin I teach large university science courses. Hundreds of fairly privileged students in the room. It has been my habit to ask them to raise their hands if they have ever seen the Milky Way.
The results have always been disappointing. Over the past 20 years it has gotten worse and worse. Recently many students don't even know what I mean by the question, and I have to explain what a dark sky looks like.
"Raise your hand if you have ever been awed by a clear dark sky full of countless, countless stars." Always less than 5%.
I first saw the Milky Way in July 2006. I was about 80 km north of Kandahar, Afghanistan. It was absolutely amazing. (I was sleeping in a hole in the ground, so I could just enjoy it until I fell asleep.)
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I first saw the Milky Way in July 2006. I was about 80 km north of Kandahar, Afghanistan. It was absolutely amazing. (I was sleeping in a hole in the ground, so I could just enjoy it until I fell asleep.)
@venya @skyglowberlin I can't beat that story, but I got two stories.
In 2005 outside the refugio just below the summit of Champaqui about 60 km southwest of Córdoba Argentina. Clearest darkest sky I have experienced and golly, the southern hemisphere sky is disorienting. We were far from home.
In 1990 in rural Ohio with two young women who had grown up in Tokyo. They had never seen a non-urban night sky. Parked the car next to a cornfield, told them I had a treat for them. They flew into a blind panic. Screaming, crying, covering their eyes.
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@skyglowberlin I teach large university science courses. Hundreds of fairly privileged students in the room. It has been my habit to ask them to raise their hands if they have ever seen the Milky Way.
The results have always been disappointing. Over the past 20 years it has gotten worse and worse. Recently many students don't even know what I mean by the question, and I have to explain what a dark sky looks like.
"Raise your hand if you have ever been awed by a clear dark sky full of countless, countless stars." Always less than 5%.
@jameshowell @GeoffWozniak @skyglowberlin My wife and kid and I have often tried, where practical, to catch meteor showers, sometimes planning road trips to countryside areas when they’re going to happen. None have ever been mind blowing, and yet those occasions are some of the most memorable moments I have, the bonding experiences and just taking all that in as a whole. I’m sure it’s a big part of the reason our (now) teen has been toying with the idea of getting into astrophysics.
Heartbreaking to realize how few even privileged people have ever taken the time to simply look up at night, or as you say, know what major celestial references even mean.
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@skyglowberlin Almost certainly not.
It's an empirical question: you have to do the experiment. But all of developmental neurobiology shows us that disuse leads to loss, and disuse during critical developmental windows leads to permanent loss. Your hypothesis is almost certainly correct.
@jameshowell @skyglowberlin reading this on my glowing rectangle with aging eyes is super depressing!
I've seen things you people wouldn't believe. The milky way with my naked eyes. I navigated a trail by the moonlight. All those moments will be lost in time, like tears in rain. Time to die.
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I first saw the Milky Way in July 2006. I was about 80 km north of Kandahar, Afghanistan. It was absolutely amazing. (I was sleeping in a hole in the ground, so I could just enjoy it until I fell asleep.)
@venya @jameshowell Glad you had a chance to enjoy that (despite the rest of the experience).
I remember @SaraBPritchard quoting from women's experience of seeing the stars while held in a Nazi concentration camps. I can't remember the exact details, but my recollection is that seeing the stars provided a similar sublime experience despite being caged in a place designed to destroy your humanity.
We all lose something by not regularly having that experience.
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@venya @skyglowberlin I can't beat that story, but I got two stories.
In 2005 outside the refugio just below the summit of Champaqui about 60 km southwest of Córdoba Argentina. Clearest darkest sky I have experienced and golly, the southern hemisphere sky is disorienting. We were far from home.
In 1990 in rural Ohio with two young women who had grown up in Tokyo. They had never seen a non-urban night sky. Parked the car next to a cornfield, told them I had a treat for them. They flew into a blind panic. Screaming, crying, covering their eyes.
@jameshowell @venya What happened next? Did they calm down? And how did they describe the experience afterwards?
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@jameshowell @GeoffWozniak @skyglowberlin My wife and kid and I have often tried, where practical, to catch meteor showers, sometimes planning road trips to countryside areas when they’re going to happen. None have ever been mind blowing, and yet those occasions are some of the most memorable moments I have, the bonding experiences and just taking all that in as a whole. I’m sure it’s a big part of the reason our (now) teen has been toying with the idea of getting into astrophysics.
Heartbreaking to realize how few even privileged people have ever taken the time to simply look up at night, or as you say, know what major celestial references even mean.
@reay @jameshowell @GeoffWozniak These days seeing the Milky Way in a natural setting is something that is experienced mainly by only the poorest of the poor and the richest of the rich.
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@venya @jameshowell Glad you had a chance to enjoy that (despite the rest of the experience).
I remember @SaraBPritchard quoting from women's experience of seeing the stars while held in a Nazi concentration camps. I can't remember the exact details, but my recollection is that seeing the stars provided a similar sublime experience despite being caged in a place designed to destroy your humanity.
We all lose something by not regularly having that experience.
@skyglowberlin @venya @SaraBPritchard Wow. Now there is a little vignette that summarizes the human condition all right
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@jameshowell @venya What happened next? Did they calm down? And how did they describe the experience afterwards?
@skyglowberlin They jumped back in the car and calmed down. We kept on to our destination. I was too young really even to understand what had happened, much less how to react constructively. I don't remember what I said. I was probably an asshole to them.
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@reay @jameshowell @GeoffWozniak These days seeing the Milky Way in a natural setting is something that is experienced mainly by only the poorest of the poor and the richest of the rich.
@skyglowberlin @reay @GeoffWozniak More bizarre irony.
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@reay @jameshowell @GeoffWozniak These days seeing the Milky Way in a natural setting is something that is experienced mainly by only the poorest of the poor and the richest of the rich.
@skyglowberlin @jameshowell @GeoffWozniak I get your point but respectfully disagree.
Anyone already in less populated areas can just look up at night and have a good shot at spotting the Milky Way.
People in more populated places but with a vehicle — not terribly uncommon — can head out of their city to get less light pollution and probably see the Milky Way. Here in Toronto, even if you head down to the lake (a walk for some, a cheap transit ride for most others), you can see way more in the night sky over the water than one may expect.
I suspect the larger reason people aren’t seeing it is just way more attention on produced entertainment (phones and streaming, etc.) than on interest in natural phenomena. No matter how accessible something may be, if you have no interest in it, it’s the same result.
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@skyglowberlin They jumped back in the car and calmed down. We kept on to our destination. I was too young really even to understand what had happened, much less how to react constructively. I don't remember what I said. I was probably an asshole to them.
@jameshowell Oh no, sorry to hear that.
The Adler Teens program has taken Chicago teenagers to a park outside of the city and had the experience that some of the kids were terrified of getting off the bus, because "going out in the dark is dangerous" has been so deeply drilled into them by (well meaning) adults.
I think if I've remembered right they've generally had success getting everyone to see the stars, but it's a scary process for some people.
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@skyglowberlin @jameshowell @GeoffWozniak I get your point but respectfully disagree.
Anyone already in less populated areas can just look up at night and have a good shot at spotting the Milky Way.
People in more populated places but with a vehicle — not terribly uncommon — can head out of their city to get less light pollution and probably see the Milky Way. Here in Toronto, even if you head down to the lake (a walk for some, a cheap transit ride for most others), you can see way more in the night sky over the water than one may expect.
I suspect the larger reason people aren’t seeing it is just way more attention on produced entertainment (phones and streaming, etc.) than on interest in natural phenomena. No matter how accessible something may be, if you have no interest in it, it’s the same result.
@reay @jameshowell @GeoffWozniak You are right that you often don't have to go so far to get a hint of the Milky Way. In fact, I've seen it (and photographed it) from the city center of Potsdam, Germany (population ~180,000).
But catching a fuzzy glimpse of the Milky Way and "seeing the Milky Way in a natural setting" (as I said above) are completely different experiences.
When you see the Milky Way in an area with some degree of light pollution, it's a nice experience and it looks kind of interesting. When you see it in a place with no or next to no light pollution you are CONFRONTED WITH THE COSMOS.
Algonquin National Park is 250 km from Toronto and still has a zenith sky brightness that's ~1% brighter than natural - and the horizon will be far brighter than that. You have to get 350 km from Toronto until the zenith is natural, and even then the horizon in most directions is going to be bright rather than dark.
That being said, getting to ANY place that's not lit by directly artificial lights, even an urban rooftop or park, will allow you to see far more than you would guess.
