@harald Those are indeed is good questions.Another one: Lets assume the current passport technology is compromised. In this case the new technology is still years from practical adoption and we still need to have passports. In practice we will have to continue issuing the known vulnerable passports or fall back to manual checks rather than using the electronic component in the passports. If this happens what did we achieve by only issuing 5 year passports vs 10 year ones?